In the past, it was a sports car manufacturer and performance tuner, established in 1946 by Amédée Gordini, nicknamed "Le Sorcier" (The Sorcerer).Gordini became a division of Renault in 1968 and of Renault Sport in 1976. Автозапчасти - ваш бизнес? The fixed end of the torsion bars is mounted on quadrants that can be adjusted via a holes/fixing bolt arrangement. última cuota: 10.466,99€. It had also produced the earlier Dyane and Visa as more modern and only marginally more expensive alternatives to 2CV. In early 1956, Renault Chairman Pierre Dreyfus launched this new project: designing a new model to replace the rear engined 4CV and compete against the Citroën 2CV that would become an everyman's car, capable of satisfying the needs of most consumers. La liste complète des modèles Renault d'hier et d'aujourd'hui ainsi que les concept-cars du constructeur. Threads 787 Messages 4.7K. The 2CV's suspension gave it an excellent ride and good grip and handling but was mechanically complex with many moving parts that required regular maintenance and lubrication at intervals as low as every 1000 miles (1600km). A gennaio, il nuovo CEO di Renault Luca De Meo aveva presentato il nuovo piano strategico che punta molto anche sulle auto elettriche. 1997 został uznany Samochodem Roku.Początkowo był on tylko odmianą nadwoziową modelu Mégane.W teście zderzeniowym EuroNCAP uzyskał wynik 4 gwiazdek.. W marcu 1999 roku … In East Africa it became known as the "Roho". Откройте интернет-магазин автозапчастей! The latter was a project in which Renault would lend young people cars to travel the world in, and this would help to give the Renault 4 an adventurous and durable image. [4], The basic version of the R3 was priced 40 francs below the lowest-priced version of the Citroën 2CV in 1961[4] and featured painted bumpers and grill, a simplified instrument panel, a single sun visor, no windshield washer, and no interior door trim panels. Sinpar was quickly given a contract to build a front-wheel-drive version at their works in Colombes near Paris; it appeared in May 1968. By 1965, Renault had removed the extra "R" from their model names: the Renault R4L had become the Renault 4L. [7] The cars shared the same body and most mechanical components, but the R3 was powered by a 603 cc version of the engine while the R4 featured a 747 cc engine. It had front-wheel drive, long-travel fully independent suspension, and Rack and pinion steering. [citation needed] The "Coupe de France Renault Cross Elf" was a series of races in France on dirt tracks with slightly tuned 782 cc R4s. [4] Those at the rear were mounted virtually horizontally which avoided the intrusion of rear suspension componentry into the flat-floored passenger cabin.[4]. The suspension consisted of torsion bars which required no regular maintenance. Renault was able to review the advantages and disadvantages of the 2CV design. It had a large structural platform with a separate body. [nb 1]. It would be a family car, a woman's car, a farmer's car, or a city car. A smaller version (956 cc) of this new engine finally replaced the by now venerable 845 cc engine in the 4 in 1986. Ironically the new Renault 4 did not inherit its transmission from the Renault 4CV nor from anyone else: the transmission was newly developed for the car. Called the Plein Air (meaning "Open Air"), it had no doors, with only a chain protecting the passengers. [4] However, as with the Renault 4CV “Service” in 1953, customers shunned the basic model and in October 1962, the Renault R3 was discontinued, along with the most basic version of the Renault 4.[7]. En hun eigenaren natuurlijk! [4] The existing engines were larger than that specified by management for the new 4CV, but the automaker addressed this by reducing the bore so that the overall capacity of the base engine for the new R3 worked out to be 603 cc, comfortably at the lower end of the required 600–700 cc range. De Club voor misschien wel de meest veelzijdige en eigenwijze auto aller tijden. Early versions of the Renault R4 used engines and transmissions from the Renault 4CV. entrada: 4.152,46€. De Renault 4 Club Nederland bestaat sinds 1991. Feb 14, 2021; John Edmonds; Renault 4 Parts For Sale. Exterior chrome trim was eventually phased out on all models, and aluminium grilles were replaced with plastic. It was the first front-wheel drive family car produced by Renault. Gordini (French pronunciation: ) is a division of Renault Sport Technologies (Renault Sport). Программа для учета и продажи запчастей! Finden Sie viele günstige Auto Angebote bei mobile.de – Deutschlands größtem Fahrzeugmarkt The Renault R3/R4 design defied this by now widely accepted mantra, employing a separate platform to which the body shell was then attached. Pour "reconnecter Renault à ses racines". The three principal new models introduced by Renault since the war[9] featured monocoque "chassisless" construction[4] that was less expensive to manufacture process and reduced operating costs because of lower vehicle weight. The GTL was identifiable by its grey front grille, grey bumpers, and grey plastic strips along the bottoms of the doors. [4] Given that Renault’s 603, 747, and 845 cc engines all shared the same cylinder stroke and were all of the same basic design, it is likely that there was very little difference between the manufacturing costs of the basic engine block between the three. Consultez les avis de propriétaires de Renault R4 . The original Renault R4’s engine capacity of 747 cc served to differentiate the model from the more powerful Renault Dauphine, but the Dauphine’s 845 cc engine was used in the 4 itself from 1963 onwards: for most markets at this stage the Dauphine engine now came as standard in the top of the range Renault R4 Super, and was available in some other versions … Threads 787 Messages 4.7K. To mark the end of Renault 4 production, a retrospective series of ten black-and-white photographs by Thierry des Ouches was published in Libération in early December 1992, when R4 production finally finished after 31 years. En als lid blijf je natuurlijk ook vier keer per jaar ons clubblad Vrijbuiter ontvangen. The car was launched at a time when several decades of economic stagnation were giving way to growing prosperity and surging car ownership in France. Renault R4 compie 60 anni [21], Standard Renault 4s has taken part in a drag race at Santa Pod Raceway, Northamptonshire since 2004, and covered the quarter mile in 21.438 seconds with a terminal speed of 59.14 mph. British Leyland's Mini had been produced in smaller figures since the launch of the Austin Metro in 1980 with production continuing until 2000. GAMA RENAULT E-TECH. 30 RENAULT R4 de particulares y concesionarios de segunda mano y ocasión . [4] In 1968 the Renault 4 finally received a four-speed transmission. Essai - Renault Talisman Estate restylée 2021 : baroud d'honneur Essai occasion Renault Comparatif - Renault Captur E-Tech Plug In vs Kia Niro Plug In : outsider contre référence. De Renault 4 was in zijn tijd vooral een praktische en goedkope gebruiksauto. There were many different 'special edition' Renault 4s. [4], Moving the engine from the rear of the 4CV to the front of the new model involved significant planning: design changes to the unit were introduced as part of the process. En hun eigenaren natuurlijk! Digitale communicatie via de digitale nieuwsbrief Vrijbuiter 2.0, Facebook,  Twitter en een vernieuwde site horen hierbij! De Renault 4 Club Nederland bestaat sinds 1991. Volkswagen had switched Beetle production from West Germany to Mexico in 1978 (where it was made until 2003), with the new Polo and Golf proving hugely popular in Europe. A "super" version (branded "de luxe" in some export markets) with opening rear quarter-light windows and extra trim was also offered. Prodotta in 8,13 milioni unità. Renault 4 repair and maintenance. The Plein Air was a doorless and roofless version originally developed to meet a 1964 request by the French Army. Though reasons such as emissions and safety legislation are often given for the Renault 4's demise in Europe during the 1980s, it would appear that its popularity would not have lasted. Agriculture was becoming more mechanized with fewer smallholdings and family farms for which the 2CV was designed. descubre la nueva gama híbrida y eléctrica. From the perspective of the sales and marketing department, they did fall within different taxation classes (respectively 3CV, 4CV, and 5CV) but at this end of the market tax level differences were by now less of an issue even in those European countries that still taxed cars according to engine size. Threads 2.8K Messages 20.6K. De Club voor misschien wel de meest veelzijdige en eigenwijze auto aller tijden. The suspension is similar with the difference being the deletion of the Citroën's flexible beam between the rear wheels to give the Renault 4 fully independent rear suspension. desde 119€/mes*. [7] After the withdrawal of the 603 cc engined R3, the 747 cc R4 model continued to be listed with an entry-level recommended retail price, but the slightly larger-engined L versions were more popular. Renault also designed a “sealed-for-life” cooling system, supported by a small expansion tank on the right side of the engine bay. [10] This concept allowed a very simple design of the rear suspension using transverse torsion bars located one behind the other without affecting handling. In 1978, the R4 GTL arrived. However, the Renault 4 updated this basic concept with a larger four-cylinder water-cooled engine with a sealed cooling system offering much better refinement and performance than the contemporary 2CV, with a top speed of over 104 km/h (65 mph). The car features a shorter wheelbase on the left than on the right because the rear wheels are not mounted directly opposite one another. There was also a panel van (Fourgonette) version of the R4, which with its "high cube" bodyshell and the unique 'giraffon' (giraffe hatch) at the rear became the idiosyncratic French "Boulangerie" van. Damping was provided by hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers on all four wheels. [4] Maximum power output was rated by Renault as 22.5 hp for the R3, and 26.5 or 32 hp for the R4, depending on price level and the type of carburettor fitted. Die eigenschappen en het eigenwijze uiterlijk worden nu door een nieuwe generatie liefhebbers opnieuw ontdekt. In 1989, Colombian SOFASA produced the variants Brisa (Breeze) which was based on the French Plein Air and Jogging, which was marketed as a sportier version of the car and featured red accessories. The 2CV had been designed in the 1930s for use in the French countryside where the road network was poor - speed was not a requirement but a good ride, useful rough-terrain ability, a versatile body for load carrying, and economy and simplicity of operation were its key considerations. The Renault 4 was not significantly changed during its production. [4] The dash-mounted gear lever was linked via a straight horizontal rod that passed over the longitudinally mounted engine and clutch directly to the gearbox right at the front. Renault developed small cars, the Renault 6 and the Renault 5, while the Renault 4 was still selling well. There were several projects to replace the Renault 4, starting from the early 1970s. 9 réactions. A Renault 4 Sinpar (the four-wheel drive version) was entered in the Paris-Dakar Rally in 1979 and 1980 by Bernard and Claude Marreau, coming fifth in 1979 and in third in 1980. Welkom bij de Renault 4 Club Nederland. De guitige Renault 5 Prototype staat in het middelpunt van de aandacht en daarop prijkt een nieuw logo. It had the 1108 cc engine from the Renault 6 TL, albeit with the performance reduced for better economy, and bigger drum brakes. Renault Clio latest models, specifications and price list in South Africa: >>> Renault Clio Price - Renault Clio 2020-2021 Prices and Specs My Favourites: 0 My Compare List: 0 Car Alerts Het is Renault-nieuws dat vandaag de klok slaat. The Renault 4 was the last French automobile to be sold with drum brakes on all four wheels, after the Citroën 2CV received disc brakes in 1981. [12] Sinpar's version, called the Sinpar 4x4 Torpedo, was first shown as a prototype at the 1968 Geneva Salon, equipped with Sinpar's four-wheel-drive system. [4] However, using the existing water-cooled unit from the 4CV was a solution, especially in view of the extended period of teething troubles encountered by the Renault Fregate, which was then Renault's most recent attempt to develop an innovative powerplant. However, since Renault already produced the 747 cc version of the engine that was well proven in the 4CV, it made sense to use this as well in what would in many respects be the older car's successor. Хотите продавать больше? With specialist tools provided by Renault, adjustments can be made to provide the light 4L some off-road capabilities. Welkom bij de Renault 4 Club Nederland. There were three different dashboard designs. The inlet manifold was now a steel casting whereas on the 4CV it had been constructed of a light-weight alloy: this was driven by cost considerations now that aluminum was not so inexpensive as it had been fifteen years earlier. [15] To conclude production, a series of 1000 examples marketed as "Bye-Bye" was released, each with a numbered plaque. Nous contacter. It also had an extra air intake below the front grille (as a result, the registration plate was moved down to the bumper), and 12 inch (304.8 mm) wiper blades instead of the original 10 inch (254 mm) ones. [7] The de luxe and super versions of the R4L received a version of the engine from the Renault Dauphine giving them an engine capacity of 845 cc. In Portugal it had a CKD assembly line in Guarda from 1964 to 1989 where more than 190,000 units were assembled. This was an innovation that would be copied on a succession of subsequent front-engined Renaults introduced during the 1960s and 70s. The Renault 5 competed in a different sector (three-and five-door supermini). [4] Renault also took the opportunity to introduce a feature which subsequently became mainstream. Visitors could sit inside a car, which remained undisturbed while the suspension absorbed the erratic bumps of the rolling road. The front torsion bars were longitudinal. Citroën kept its 2CV in production until 1990, but did not directly replace it, with the AX (launched in 1986) taking its place as the entry-level model in the Citroën range. In, This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 23:57. However, by the late 1950s, the 2CV was becoming outdated. 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The Renault 4 was a basic car with a simple dashboard and sliding windows. Quarter glass was a 400 francs option for the basic R4. This meant that Renault was able to give it a sporting image with programs such as the "Cross Elf Cup of France" in 1974 and the "Routes du Monde" program in 1968. Met deze vernieuwde website willen we ervoor zorgen dat je goed geïnformeerd blijft over de Renault 4 en haar enthousiastelingen. A military contract did not materialize but Renault and Sinpar attempted to ride the late sixties/early seventies buggy wave in marketing it as a fun beach car. Luca De Meo a présenté son plan stratégique le 14 janvier 2021. Its air-cooled two-cylinder engine was reliable and economical but noisy and offered poor performance. De Renault 4 was in zijn tijd vooral een praktische en goedkope gebruiksauto. Renault R4 compie 60 anni, lungo programma festeggiamenti Auto blue-jeans debuttò nel 1961. For the 1983 model year, the GTL got front disc brakes, the handbrake now working on the rear wheels, and there were a modified dashboard and cloth seats. Avec les R4, R5, Espace... 9 réactions. The extra visibility increased the weight of the vehicle, but these windows soon became standard for all R4s. It remained on sale in Europe until 1993 and was replaced by the Renault Express (called Extra in UK and Ireland, Rapid in Germany), which was based on the second generation Renault 5 'Supercinq'. [4], The R3 and R4 were targeted at the Citroën 2CV that employed soft springs and long wheel travel to absorb bumps on rough roads. And Renault was already enjoying huge sales success with the far more modern R5, which was only slightly more expensive. Rural roads in France were improved and the national system of autoroutes was being developed. The Renault 4 is intermediate between the small utility vehicle (2CV) and the supermini design (R5, Peugeot 205). With Volkswagen rapidly growing market share across Europe and North America, Renault also gave serious consideration to an air-cooled boxer motor option for the forthcoming R3/R4. Woensdag 24 februari 2021 10:54 door op Renault 4 Club Nederland, Donderdag 11 februari 2021 17:15 door Jan Verbeek op Renault 4 Club Nederland, Dinsdag 02 februari 2021 19:48 door mark op Renault 4 Club Nederland, Dinsdag 02 februari 2021 19:04 door mark op Renault 4 Club Nederland, Zondag 27 december 2020 17:06 door Jan Verbeek op Renault 4 Club Nederland, Zondag 27 december 2020 14:22 door mark op Renault 4 Club Nederland. Welkom bij de Renault 4 Club Nederland. The Citroën had made motoring available to low-income people in France, and especially to farmers and other people in rural areas, for whom the car was as much a working tool as personal transport. This feature, along with the installation of a thick protecting aluminum plate under the engine, has been used by and off-road drivers and student 4L Trophy entrants. 05 febbraio 2021 11:54. Threads 198 Messages 1.1K. The Citroën had also proved popular with people living in towns and cities as affordable, economical transport but the 2CV's rural design brief made it less than ideal as a city car and, despite improvements, the late-1950s 2CV had a top speed of just 70 km/h (43 mph). *oferta RCI Banque válida hasta 28/02/2021 MÁS INFORMACIÓN Откройте интернет-магазин автозапчастей! The longitudinal layout of the front-wheel drive engine and transmission with the engine behind the front axle and gearbox/differential in front is identical to the Citroën Traction Avant. On the right side of the car at the back the position of the fuel filler was raised by approximately 15 cm (6 inches)[4] less than a year after the car's launch, but changes to the body panels were limited to a slightly altered hood and hinges. La R4 compie 60 anni, Renault lancia un programma per i festeggiamenti. To celebrate the car's 50th birthday, Renault entered the R4 in the Monte Carlo Rally in 2011. De Renault 4 zelf zag het licht in 1961. Suspension and seats were designed for comfort, and ventilation and the heater were effective. Par email ou par courrier Comparable products had already been discontinued in Europe or had their production scaled back, as more modern designs enjoyed the strongest sales. However, the continuing success of the Renault 4, the need to replace the more popular Renault 5 during the early 1980s, the difficulties coming up with a suitable replacement (and the idea that the Renault 4's market would die with it) all meant that a new entry-level Renault (the Twingo) did not appear until 1992. ¡Encuentra RENAULT R4 al mejor precio ! The first million cars were produced by 1 February 1966, less than four and a half years after launch;[6] eventually over eight million were built, making the Renault 4 a commercial success because of the timing of its introduction and the merits of its design. 49 meses. The original design brief called for an engine size between 600 cc and 700 cc, but there was no consensus as to whether to use a four-cylinder unit or to follow Citroën with a two-cylinder unit. With time, the increasing trend to the production of Renault 4s in a wide range of countries reduces the validity of generalized statements as to which engines were fitted when: in French-built cars the old 845 cc engine continued in the low versions until the mid-1980s, but in 1978 the top-end Renault 4 GTLs received the new 1108 cc engine: this engine was not new to Renault, however, being the five-bearing “Sierra” engine, first installed in the Estafette van and R8 in the summer of 1962. In 2003, a Japanese car modification company called DAMD came up with a design called the Ancel Lapin which could transform a first-generation Suzuki Lapin into a Renault 4 lookalike.[16]. The Renault 4 was Renault's response to the 1948 Citroën 2CV. The initial transmission was a three-speed manual, described by one critic as an obsolete feature when compared to the four-speed manual of the then thirteen-year-old Citroën 2CV. Via het forum kun je andere clubleden van jouw Renault 4 ervaringen, vragen en perikelen op de hoogte brengen. [13] The very first 1983 models had the handbrake lever moved from left to right under the steering wheel before it was moved to the floor like in almost any other car by then. De nombreuses photos et des documents techniques sur tous les modèles de Renault 4 ainsi que R6 et Rodéo. The Renault 4 shared many design traits with the older Citroën 2CV to allow it to fulfill the same role as a versatile utility car, especially for people in rural France and other parts of the world with poor roads. This enables the suspension to be "beefed up" and the ground clearance increased. Auto che arriverà davvero sul mercato … [17] Renault 4 continued to feature in many long distance rallies after production ceased, such as in 2001 in the London-Sahara-London rally (Renault 4 GTL)[18] and the 2008 Mongol Rally. The Renault 4 was originally powered by a 24 hp (18 kW) engine and its suspension were never intended for sporting dynamics. The resulting absence of any linkage at floor level permitted a flat floor across the full width of the car's cabin. RENAULT / AFP. This is the place to advertise your R4. Pinto dos Santos raced a Group N 4 GTL in visiting every round of the WRC though not all during the same season. [4] The body's structural role in maintaining the overall rigidity of the car body was thereby reduced, placing less stress on the roof and allowing for thinner window pillars. [4] On this point Renault quickly acknowledged their error and cars produced from 1962 featured synchromesh on all three ratios. Some (including the Safari, Sixties, and Jogging) were sold in special colour schemes, upholstery and other details, while others (Clan, Savane) were standard models with special decals. Хотите продавать больше? Dus schrijf je in voor de digitale nieuwsbrief Vrijbuiter 2.0, kijk op onze Facebookpagina of word lid van onze club voor de meeste veelzijdige en eigenwijze auto aller tijden! [4] In 1962 Renault employed the same display at the Turin Motor Show. Trouvez votre Renault Clio d'occasion parmi nos 7370 annonces gratuites de véhicules de particuliers et pros sur ParuVendu.fr Parts for sale - new or used. Renault launched the Renault 3 and the Renault 4 simultaneously in July 1961. The original Renault R4’s engine capacity of 747 cc served to differentiate the model from the more powerful Renault Dauphine, but the Dauphine’s 845 cc engine was used in the 4 itself from 1963 onwards: for most markets at this stage the Dauphine engine now came as standard in the top of the range Renault R4 Super, and was available in some other versions only as an optional extra. [4] Initially the base versions of the R3 and R4 came with a thick C-pillar behind each of the rear doors. [20], The Renault 4 GTL was homologated in Group A. Jacky Cesbron raced one in the Monte Carlo Rally in 1993 and the Tour de Corse in 1991. Le plus grand forum sur les 4L et ses dérivés. Although the use made of a separate platform resembled, in some respects, the use that pre-war designs would have made of a chassis, the outcome was a structure described as semi-monocoque, and it would later allow Renault to use the R4 platform, with very little modification, to build new models such as the Renault 6 and Rodeo. It had a simple body with minimal equipment, a large space for cargo or luggage, and 'deckchair' seats which could be easily removed. De Renault 4 zelf zag het licht in 1961. This series later won first prize from Le Club des Directeur Artistiques in the category of daily newspaper. Автозапчасти - ваш бизнес? Unlike the original "Billancourt" engine from the 4CV, Renault's “Sierra” engine rotated in a clockwise direction, so fitting it required reversing the direction of the differential in the gear box in order to avoid producing a car with one forward speed and four reverse speeds. We willen binnen de club elkaar informeren, we willen delen en samen beleven rondom onze Renault 4. Synchromesh featured only on the top two ratios, even though the low power of the engine required frequent gear changes by drivers using normal roads and wishing to make reasonable progress. En partenariat avec . Redazione ANSA ROMA. Therefore, in 1961, the R3 had a 49 mm bore and 80 mm stroke, while the R4 received the 54.5 mm × 80 mm existing engine. TAE: 6,13%. (Later, the successful Renault 5 used the R4 running gear, but in a monocoque shell). The R4L with six side windows, chrome-colored bumper and grill, as well as a less spartan interior cost 400 francs (roughly 8%) more than the R4 with its four side windows. Jetzt Renault R 4 bei mobile.de kaufen. There were also special models that were not solely a marketing exercise, such as the Renault 4 Sinpar 4x4, the Plein Air, a pickup truck, LPG versions, and electric versions. With its roots in the 1930s, the 2CV's styling was also outdated and, with its separate wing/fenders, had a relatively narrow and cramped body for its overall footprint. The cooling system contained antifreeze intended to enable operation without topping up or other intervention throughout a car's life provided ambient temperatures below -40 C were avoided.[4]. [12] Being more expensive and less capable than the Citroën Méhari it did not catch on and was discontinued in March 1970, after only 563 had been built. The engines were larger than the small 425 cc (later 602 cc and 29 hp), engines in the 2CV. Scopri di più su Quattroruote.it It was known as "Quatro L" (four L) . Renault Scénic I został zaprezentowany po raz pierwszy w 1996 roku.. Samochód miał premierę jako piąta odmiana nadwoziowa modelu roku Mégane, jako Mégane Scenic. The Renault 4, also known as the 4L (pronounced "Quatrelle" in French), is a small economy car produced by the French automaker Renault between 1961 and 1994. La Renault celebrerà la storia e i successi dell'iconica R4 attraverso una serie di attività che si svolgeranno nell’arco di tutto il 2021. The boxy full-width body offered more space for both passengers and luggage than the similar-sized 2CV and the car boasted an early hatchback body for greater practicality. [4] This placed the R3 in the 3CV taxation class while the R4 was in the 4CV class. It was also awarded the Lion d'Or at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival. The Renault 3/4 applied the same approach and two models appeared at the Paris Motor Show in 1961 on a specialized demonstration display that incorporated an irregular rolling road. While the Citroën had been designed during the Great Depression when money was tight and living standards were relatively low, by the 1960s the French economy was growing and people would be able to afford a more modern, refined, and less utilitarian small car. The R3 and R4 had four-wheel torsion-bar independent suspension. [4] This trim was also offered in the more powerful R4. Nel corso dell'evento di presentazione, era stata svelata l'inedita Renault 5 Prototype, una concept car elettrica che aveva fatto rivivere lo storico modello Renault 5 rivisto in chiave moderna. The R4 always had a four-cylinder watercooled engine. Looking For RHD ... 1.1K. The Renault 4 had certain advantages in its high torque and a suspension and ground-clearance that gave it go-anywhere capabilities. [19] The Renault 4 forms the basis of the 4L Trophy, an annual rally established in 1997 for students who collect sponsorship and drive to the Sahara to deliver educational materials to children of the desert and of Morocco. [14] Outmoded production methods, more advanced competition and the reasons outlined above meant that the Renault 4's days were numbered, at least as a mainstream product. For many years, this was a successful vehicle of its type and for many customers, as it represents their idea of a Renault 4 more than a passenger version.